Tool length compensation function
When using different tool sizes or when tools wear down, the tool length compensation command can be used to adjust for changes in the tool's dimensions without needing to reconfigure or reset the tool. The following figure illustrates the differences in tool length offsets.
Fig. Different Tool Length Offsets
1. Programming Format
For the FANUC system, the tool length compensation commands are G43, G44, and G49. G43 is used for positive tool length compensation, G44 for negative compensation, and G49 cancels the tool length compensation. These commands are modal, meaning they remain active until changed.
1) The standard programming format for tool length compensation is as follows:
The Z value represents the programmed position, while H indicates the register number where the length compensation value is stored. The offset amount is associated with the corresponding offset number, which is pre-set in the offset memory via the CRT/MDI panel.
When using G43 or G44, the Z-axis endpoint coordinates must be calculated by including the offset value from the specified H (or D) register, regardless of whether absolute or incremental mode is used. G43 adds the offset, while G44 subtracts it. The resulting coordinate is then used as the actual endpoint.
For example:
When G43 is executed:
Z actual value = Z command value + (H × ×)
When G44 is executed:
Z actual value = Z command value - (H × ×)
Where H×× refers to the tool length offset value stored in the specified register.
2) The format for canceling tool length compensation is:
G00(G01) G49 Z_
Or
G00(G01) G43/G44 Z_ H00
2. Important Notes
1. Tool length compensation must be activated only when a movement command is issued. It should not be applied during positioning or idle movements.
2. Some CNC systems, such as FAGOR 8055M, use G43 to activate tool length compensation. However, the direction (addition or subtraction) depends on the sign of the offset value stored in the register. In contrast, G44 is typically used to disable the compensation.
Understanding these commands is essential for accurate machining, especially when working with multiple tools or tools that experience wear over time. Proper use of tool length compensation ensures consistent part quality and reduces setup time.
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