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Technology is "short board"
The motor system is a large-scale application industry. In 2003, the total installed capacity of various types of electric motors was about 420 million kilowatts, and the annual power consumption was over 100 billion kilowatt-hours, accounting for 60% of the national electricity consumption. The operating efficiency was 10-20 percentage points lower than the foreign advanced level, equivalent to annual waste. The energy is about 150 billion kWh. In 2003, the annual output of electric motors in China was about 45 million kilowatts, and the average efficiency was 2 to 3 percentage points lower than that of developed countries. The efficiency of the motor drag system is 10 to 30 percentage points lower than that of the developed countries, which is equivalent to the level of the international 1970s and 1980s. There is a gap in service life, reliability, material consumption, noise and vibration.
Some experts believe that the current lack of technical aspects of the motor system has become a "short board" that restricts energy-saving development.
First of all, China's motor system energy-saving technology and equipment horizontal distance energy-saving goals are far from each other, the use of variable-frequency speed control motor system is still a minority, less than 10% of the total; China's small and medium-sized motors are basically common types, have not yet formed a frequency conversion Speed ​​motor series, inverter motor integration, intelligent motor, mechatronics technology has a certain gap compared with the international.
Among them, the domestic medium and small power inverters are mostly U/f ratio control methods, and rarely adopt advanced vector control and direct torque control methods. Their control performance, protection technology and reliability are difficult to compete with international products. Cost and low-price market strategies occupy the low-end market.
Secondly, the replacement of ordinary thyristors by new types of power-off electronic devices has become a trend. At present, inverters using new power electronic devices such as IGBT/IGCT have become the mainstream of energy saving in motor systems. However, China's power electronic device technology and manufacturing level is very different from the international level. In addition to ordinary thyristors, it is impossible to manufacture new power electronic devices such as IGBT/IGCT. Therefore, most of the domestically produced inverter IGBT/IGCT power electronic devices and capacitors are needed. Dependent on imports.
Although the crossover frequency conversion of domestic ordinary thyristors is mature, the application range is limited. Foreign frequency control technology and products account for the dominant position in China's motor system energy-saving market. In particular, high-performance, high-power variable frequency speed control systems for national key projects are basically occupied by foreign products. The domestic high-power high-performance variable frequency speed control system using new power electronic devices is still blank.
Especially in the field of energy saving in motor systems, there is still a lack of design methods and evaluation methods for system energy conservation. There are no perfect technical standards, test specifications and testing methods for frequency conversion speed regulation.
Power electronics and variable frequency speed control technology are high-tech, and advanced countries have invested heavily in research and development in this field. China's technology in this field is generally 5 to 10 years away from the international level. Although the Chinese government attaches great importance to the energy saving of the motor system, there is little investment in research and development in this field, and most of the limited investment is low-level repetitive development. There is no platform for the development of technologies and products in the field of power electronics and variable frequency speed regulation, and it is impossible to form an industrial scale.
Advocating high-performance technology applications The industry believes that to improve the energy-saving development of motor systems, we must first start with upgrading technology, encourage the manufacture of high-efficiency motors, and force the elimination of inefficient motors. According to the current motor efficiency classification and international IEC motor standards, the efficiency of high efficiency motors is generally 75% to 89%. At present, the average efficiency of motors in the actual operation of China is 0.55~100 kW. The average efficiency of the motor is increased by 92%. The development and application of variable frequency motor is developed and industrialized. For the same power, same volume and same material of conventional motors. Frequency control motor, the efficiency is increased by 1% to 3%; closely follow the international development trend, develop and develop intelligent motor, that is, the motor system that integrates the motor inverter and control system, so that the system can save energy by 20%~30 %.
Secondly, the frequency converter is an important part of the energy saving of the motor system. The efficiency of the motor system after frequency conversion speed regulation can save energy by 10%~15%. The motor speed control has great potential for energy saving, but only the frequency conversion speed is not enough. Therefore, for other applications and specific ranges, other methods are more economical. For example, although the crossover frequency conversion of domestic ordinary thyristors is mature, the scale and application range should be further expanded. For new power electronic devices such as IGBT/IGCT, research and development and application of application technology should be the mainstay, and the research and development of new devices should be actively organized. And focus on research and development using new power electronic devices to develop high-performance, low-contamination high-power variable frequency speed control system, in the steel, coal, locomotive traction and other industries to establish a number of localized equipment technology development.
In addition, research should be conducted on the energy-saving technology and application technology of the motor system to establish technical standards, test standards and test specifications for energy-saving of the motor system.
Scientific design saves time and effort: the load capacity of the electric dump truck is three times that of the ordinary man-powered dump truck, and the efficiency is increased by more than 50%, making it an essential equipment for construction sites.
Small size and flexible movement: The machine is reasonably designed, compact and flexible, and can be delivered to every corner, so it can easily cope with various occasions.
The speed of the differential electric box is adjustable: brushless differential motor, more flexible turning, stable and durable performance.
High-quality materials are strong and durable: The body is made of high-quality materials, reinforced steel bars, strong and durable, bearing compression and corrosion resistance.
The energy-saving potential of the motor is the key to the technical breakthrough.
The National Development and Reform Commission launched the top ten key energy-saving projects in the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†this year. The motor system energy-saving project is one of them. It is reported that from 2006 to 2007, all the work of the energy-saving project of the motor system will be fully started. The plan will be extended to all transformation industries on the basis of the demonstration of energy-saving transformation in the key power industry, and the annual transformation of 5 million kilowatts will result in an annual energy-saving capacity of 50. At the same time, we must pay close attention to the formulation, promulgation and publicity of the supporting policies, standards and specifications required for the power-saving project of the motor system; it is planned to renovate 25 million kilowatts by 2010 to achieve a power saving of 25 billion kWh.