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Plant protection drones become "family cars", the road is still far away
[ China Agricultural Machinery Industry News ] In recent years, the development of drones in the field of plant protection can be described as in full swing, and plant protection drone companies are also appearing everywhere. According to the Prospective Industry Research Institute "UAV Industry Market Demand Analysis Report", the market space of China's plant protection drones will reach 3.5 billion yuan in 2017, and the compound annual growth rate in the next five years (2017-2021) is about 38.29%. In 2021, it will reach 12.8 billion yuan. Not long ago, the “Planting Pilot Policies for Plant Protection UAVs in Six Provinces in 2017†finally landed. This means that the plant protection drones that have been expected for many years in the industry have been included in the national agricultural machinery subsidies, which is a breakthrough in the development of plant protection drones. The huge market demand for plant protection drones is obvious to all. The national subsidy pilot landing, plant protection drone companies will also usher in the policy "dividends." But as of now, China's plant protection drones are still in their infancy, and the development of plant protection drones still faces many problems. Then, what stage has the development of plant protection drones experienced? What are the problems in the development process of the mainstream plant protection drone parameters? What is the road to the plant protection drone industry?
China's plant protection drone experienced three stages
Looking at the history of China's plant protection drones, the plant protection drone industry has gone through three stages. The stage is to resolve the stage of technical contradiction. Prior to August 2016, the focus of various manufacturers was how to keep the plant protection drone for 40 hours without turning the machine into reality. At this stage, people's understanding is influenced by the design of traditional ground plant protection machinery, and the narrow-sided pursuit of load improvement, simply think that the more the number of working per day, the better, thus ignoring the needs of the corresponding groups of the products and the population of their users. Particularity. Affected by the endurance time and load, people are entangled in the problem of oil-powered helicopters and electric multi-rotor plant protection drones who are more suitable. However, after August 2016, the performance of plant protection drones tends to be stable, and the advantages and disadvantages of the products are clear. The electric multi-rotor plant protection machine has become the mainstream in the market due to its stable quality, low cost and easy operation. The helicopter quietly withdrew from the dominant position. Under the spontaneous guidance of the market, people found the balance point and economic point of the electric plant protection drone in the load, endurance and cost - 10 kg load. At this time, the plant protection drone industry entered the second stage, which solved the market contradiction stage.
At this stage of solving market contradictions, the one-sided pursuit of large loads and long battery life gradually disappeared, and began to pursue application performance improvement. Market practitioners realize the importance of adaptability and believe that better application performance is the best medicine to solve market contradictions. At one time, RTK technology and fixed-height modules and obstacle-avoidance functions appeared on the scene. Plant protection drone manufacturers began to seek more solutions to the pain points of the market. At this stage, people's concerns have shifted from the technology contradictory products themselves to the application market.
But in September of 2017, plant protection drone companies began to be confused. Everyone firmly believes in the broad market potential of plant protection drones, and also recognizes the rigid demand for plant protection drones in today's large-scale agricultural construction. At the same time, it also sees the government and the people's recognition of the efficiency and efficiency of plant protection drones, but at the moment The market is cold. Plant protection drone companies are multiplying geometrically, and local governments are pushing hard, but farmers are afraid to buy them. At present, it seems that only the flight defense service organizations and large-scale farms purchased by the plant protection drones have stopped, and a large number of agricultural cooperatives, family farms and large plant growers have stopped. More demanders are willing to spend 10 yuan per acre to buy flying defense services, and are reluctant to purchase plant protection drones, which led to the market spawning a lot of professional flying defense service organizations, and the plant protection drone market is in a strange situation. . These professional flight defense service organizations, whether from the purchase of equipment or the sense of security, prefer the well-known drone companies, lack of trust for small and medium-sized plant protection drone companies, small and medium-sized plant protection The road to the development of machine enterprises is getting harder and harder.
The mainstream plant protection drones on the market
Since the development of plant protection drones, the market has spontaneously selected a practical plant protection drone. At present, the basic parameters of China's mainstream agricultural plant protection drones are as follows: the load is basically 10 kg; the battery is 6S16000 mA and 22000 mA; the spraying time is between 8 and 12 minutes; the spray system is generally used in addition to the flying fly. The number of nozzles is 2-4-6; the width of the operation is 3-6 meters; the number of motors is 4-8; the wheelbase is generally 1.6 meters; the folding method is generally adopted; the width after folding is about 1.2 meters; folding There are two types of vertical folding and horizontal folding; the cost per mu is about 3 yuan; the number of acres for a single take-off and landing operation is 4-10 mu; the price of bare metal is 35000-45000; the cost of purchasing a battery is about 22,000 yuan, and the charging machine is charged for four. box.
Looking at the price changes of plant protection drones, even if the price of plant protection drones has been falling, it is not a small expense. Before 2015, the price of a plant-protected drone bare-metal machine was around 120,000; in 16 years, it has dropped to about 90,000; and today, taking a certain well-known enterprise as an example, the price of a plant-protected drone bare-metal machine is Around 42,000, plus the purchase of batteries and charging boxes and other expenses, the total cost of running is close to 70,000 yuan. For the farmers, it is still an expensive expense, which is still to ensure that the drone does not fall. Under the premise of no loss. This is the main reason why farmers are discouraged from plant protection drones. In addition, in terms of operation, the plant protection drone needs to be operated by trained professionals and needs to be protected by an independent flying defense service vehicle. Once in the spraying season, it is not too early or late to use the plant protection drone for spraying. It is a messy job to spray pesticides. It takes a lot of time and energy, and the rural labor force is getting more and more. This is also the farmer. The secondary reason for not being willing to purchase a plant protection drone.
The above reasons have made the professional flying defense service organization, like the former passenger transportation company. We assume that a cooperative has 500 mu of land and purchases flying defense services at a price of 10 yuan per mu. If the pesticide needs to be sprayed 6 times a year, the cost of flying defense without pesticides will be as high as 30,000 yuan a year, and the farms and cooperatives have to accept the secondary exploitation of the flight defense service team.
This is a tragedy, but it must be a stage rather than an ending!
Plant protection drone development road on the road
The development of the plant protection drone industry is still in its infancy, and there are still many problems. Only by recognizing the problems on the road of plant protection development can we solve the problem and the plant protection drone industry can develop healthily. At present, there are three main problems in the development of plant protection drones.
The price of plant protection drones is prohibitive. Price is one of the key factors that currently hinder the vast majority of agricultural households from using plant protection drones. At present, most provinces in China, especially in the northern plains with better agricultural production conditions, plant protection drones have begun to try, but provinces that can enjoy the “farm subsidiesâ€, some potential customers are discouraged from high prices. It is understood that there are more than 100 domestic plant protection drone manufacturers, and the prices of their products are uneven, but they are basically maintained at 50,000 to 200,000.
Not long ago, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Finance and the Civil Aviation Administration issued the "Notice on the Pilot Work on the Application of Agricultural Machinery Purchase Subsidy to Guide Plant Protection and Unmanned Aircraft", and announced that in 2017, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Chongqing and other six provinces and cities will be selected. Carry out pilot subsidies for plant protection drones. This is a breakthrough development, but there is still a long way to go before the plant protection drones are fully integrated into the national subsidy. It is a difficult process from the pilot to the full deployment.
To this end, the agricultural people hope that the government will subsidize the purchase of machinery; the plant protection drone companies hope that the government will provide more support in terms of funds, venues and taxes.
The plant protection drone supporting service lags behind. At present, China's plant protection drones have a major bottleneck in practical applications, "the industry strength is uneven, and the supporting services are insufficient." First of all, in recent years, civilian drones have gradually emerged. There are plant protection drone manufacturers in all parts of the country, but the relevant supporting industrial chain distribution is uneven. Therefore, farmers encounter product parts and other damages during the use of plant protection drones. The problem is that it cannot be repaired in time or the repair time is very high. Secondly, the plant protection drone insurance service has just started this year. It is not as mature as the insurance industry of the automobile industry, and it needs to be continuously improved.
Industry standards are not perfect. Some experts said that China's plant protection drone industry has started, but there are no clear industry standards in the industry, including the drone's own technology, performance standards and plant protection standards. This has made the drone companies mixed, and the government has not been able to introduce exact support and support policies. It is understood that at present, China has clearly issued the relevant technical standards for civil drones. Only Shenzhen has developed a relatively complete standard system for civil UAVs of various business types.
Plant protection drones become "family cars", the road is still far away
In the face of the status quo of the development of the plant protection drone industry, many problems in the development process, and what should be done to find a way out?
Looking back at the development of the car, we seem to be able to get some thoughts from it. Before 1998, China's cars had only "unit" attributes, and the number of individual family cars was extremely high. There are three main reasons. First, the purchase cost is high. The price of the ordinary Santana car is also more than 200,000. The ordinary people can't afford it. Second, there are very few people who master the driving skills. Even if they buy it, they will not drive. If you buy it, you can't afford it. The cost of spare parts and fuel consumption is not affordable for ordinary people. Therefore, more people will not buy a car, and the main owner will mainly rely on a bus. But do people want to own a car of their own? The answer is self-evident.
Since 2002, the family car market has gradually opened up, and the decline in car purchase costs has made many people eager to try. Li Shufu’s Geely Unio began to be hot. As the price of cars decreases, the driving school also increases. Looking at today's car market, family cars are dazzling, and the price concessions are superior. The car has changed from "the former Wang Xietang Qianyan" to "flying into the ordinary people's home". Direct procurement, installment payments, financial leasing, used car trading, and the way to own cars are also varied. The car seems to have become a must-have for the family, and the era of exclusive passenger transport has been shattered, and a new era has arrived.
Turning around and looking at the current plant protection drone market, just like the cars before 1998, the era of personal attributes is far from coming. However, we should clearly understand that the plant protection drone should not be born for professional flight defense organizations and large-scale farms. It is a flying sprayer that should go into every family farm, agricultural cooperative and large planter. Becoming one of the regular must-have agricultural machinery in the middle of their warehouses, truly serving them instead of subjecting them to secondary exploitation.
In 2014, the No. 1 Document of the Central Committee clearly stated the production organization mode of family farms and agricultural cooperatives. In the first half of the same year, Wang Yang, the deputy prime minister of the State Council's differentiation of agriculture, inspected the plant protection drone enterprises several times. All of this tells us that under the new model, in China Under the state of the geographical characteristics and the complex forms of farmland formed by the reform and opening up of agricultural disorderly management, the plant protection method has become the bottleneck of agricultural production at this stage. And to successfully implement the new production organization model, we must break the bottleneck.
Plant protection drones should have exploded under such opportunities, but three years have passed and development has not been satisfactory. The plant protection drone did not really enter the market, but the plant protection drone market was caught in a new dilemma due to the quick success and the wrong development direction. Plant protection drones must reduce costs and reduce the difficulty of operation, instead of blindly pursuing operational efficiency and load. Plant protection drones only meet the purchase needs of customers below 1,000 acres, and truly penetrate into the family farmers, is the real opportunity.
The advent of a great era will inevitably summon products that meet the needs of the times. Agricultural plant protection drones must go into thousands of households and become “family cars†in the agricultural field, in order to find the real gold mines given by the market and policies, but the road is still far away.