Trucking is a vital industry that keeps our economy moving. It's the backbone of commerce, ensuring that goods are transported from manufacturers to consumers across the country. Almost every product we use has been delivered by a truck at some point in its journey.
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual salary for heavy-duty truck drivers is $47,130 ($22.66 per hour). There are approximately two million heavy and tractor-trailer drivers in the U.S. as of 2020. The BLS predicts an 11% increase in demand for truck drivers between 2020 and 2030 as the economy continues to grow.
Many new drivers worry about job security due to the rise of autonomous trucks. While this technology is advancing, it's unlikely to completely replace human drivers anytime soon. You can read more about autonomous trucking trends and their impact on the industry.
Trucking is more than just long-haul heavy-duty driving. It includes light and medium-duty vehicles as well. Not all truckers operate long-haul routes—some work locally or handle specialized freight.
In 2021, the demand for truck drivers was high, with good freight rates. Many owner-operators were making solid profits. Industry experts note that high freight rates are often due to a shortage of drivers, which means there's a strong need for new talent in the field.
Source: DOT FMSCA
The trucking industry is highly fragmented, with many small operators playing a significant role. In fact, owner-operators make up about two-thirds of the total number of carriers in the U.S.
Source: DOT FMSCA and Equipment Radar
According to Bob Costello, Chief Economist of the American Trucking Associations (ATA), trucks move about three-quarters of the nation’s freight by weight. While shipping by container ships is the cheapest option, followed by rail, trucks are used more frequently because most businesses don’t have direct access to ports or rail lines.
Freight often travels through multiple modes before reaching its destination—like from a container ship to a railroad to a truck. Shorter distances are usually best suited for trucks, while longer hauls are more efficient via ship or rail.
Source: US Department of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics
The Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) Transportation Services Index (TSI) measures the volume of freight transportation services moved monthly by the for-hire sector in the U.S. It helps economists and industry experts track overall demand for trucking.
Trucking demand is cyclical, meaning it rises and falls with the economy. When the economy is strong, demand for trucking increases. During downturns, it decreases accordingly.
Source: BTS
Economic cycles can be both your friend and foe. As a trucking business owner, you have little control over these cycles. The economy fluctuates, and while it's generally stable, recessions can happen. It's crucial to plan for these fluctuations and adjust your business strategy accordingly.
Freight rates typically follow the economic cycle. Rates tend to rise during economic growth and fall during recessions. To run a successful and long-term trucking business, always consider potential downturns and have contingency plans in place.
Source: DAT Flatbed Rates
Every great business starts with an idea. Most companies begin small and grow if they have a solid plan and strategy. Jeff Bezos started Amazon in 1995 by shipping books from his garage.
When starting a trucking business, you'll need three key elements:
Before launching your trucking business, create a detailed business plan. A business plan is like a roadmap—it helps you navigate from where you are to where you want to go. It should be realistic and include market research, financial projections, and operational strategies.
Your business plan will be used by you, lenders, and potential investors. Avoid being overly optimistic, as this can lead to unrealistic expectations and future challenges.
A business plan can range from one page to dozens of pages. It serves as a blueprint for your business success, helping you prepare for challenges and opportunities ahead.
Key components of a business plan include:
All long-haul truck drivers must have a Commercial Driver’s License (CDL). Requirements vary by state but typically include passing written and driving tests. Some states may deny a CDL if you’ve had one suspended elsewhere.
You can also get endorsements for specialized vehicles, such as those carrying hazardous materials. These require additional testing and background checks.
Federal regulations require CDL drivers to maintain a clean driving record and pass a physical exam every two years. They’re also subject to random drug and alcohol testing. A conviction for DUI or a felony involving a vehicle can result in license suspension.
To operate legally, you need a DOT MC Authority Number from the FMCSA. This number helps track your compliance and safety records. It also determines what type of cargo you can carry.
You must also complete the MCS-150 and Safety Certification Application. Your application will be posted for public comment for 10 business days before approval.
Register your company with the UCR after obtaining your MC number. This ensures your insurance coverage is valid in all states where you operate.
The IRP plate allows you to operate across the U.S. and most Canadian provinces. You'll need to pay annual fees to renew it.
Trucks weighing over 55,000 pounds must pay the Heavy Highway Vehicle Use Tax. Complete Form 2290 annually with the IRS.
This agreement allows you to file fuel tax returns quarterly in your registered state. Learn more about IFTA here.
Register an updated BOC-3 Form with the FMCSA. This designates a process agent for interstate operating authority.
Since 2017, the DOT requires ELDs to ensure compliance with federal hours of service regulations. Read more about the ELD mandate.
When starting a trucking business, you should consider two main categories: start-up costs and operating costs. Creating a spreadsheet or notebook to estimate these figures will help you better understand your financial situation.
Start-up costs include things like buying a truck, upgrades, business registration, licenses, and training. The average cost of a new truck is around $140,000, while a used one is about $60,000. New trailers cost roughly $60,000, and used ones are around $30,000.
Most banks and truck manufacturers offer financing options, so you can buy a new or used truck with little or no down payment. Over time, you can pay off the truck as your business generates income.
Most jobs pay based on the miles driven. Calculate revenue by multiplying your rate per mile by the number of miles you plan to drive each week.
Trucking is regulated, and Hours of Service rules limit how many hours a driver can be on the road. This affects how many miles you can drive in a given time.
Mileage also depends on your route. Highways allow for more miles, while traffic and speed limits reduce your total mileage. Deadhead mileage—miles driven without pay—should also be considered when calculating profitability.
Operating costs include fuel, maintenance, tires, tolls, meals, insurance, lodging, accounting, and advertising. Fuel is typically the largest expense, with newer trucks offering better fuel efficiency.
Maintenance costs increase as the truck ages, especially after five years. Some repairs are covered under warranty, but others are out-of-pocket. Always plan for working capital and bad debt.
According to OOIDA’s 2020 survey, the average owner-operator earns $190,000 annually, driving about 121,000 miles, with 26,000 deadhead miles. Total expenses were $124,500, leaving a net profit of $65,500.
These numbers show that trucking can be a profitable business, but it requires careful planning, budgeting, and risk management.
Even the most well-planned businesses face unexpected challenges—like accidents, equipment failures, or sudden changes in fuel prices. Having a budget cushion and proper insurance can help you weather these storms.
It's wise to aim for three to six months of operating expenses as a buffer. Speak with your insurance provider to ensure you're covered for a wide range of issues. Understanding your policy will help protect your business during tough times.
Yes, it's possible to start a trucking business with no money upfront. However, you still need a source of funds for start-up and operating costs. Options include loans from family, friends, or banks.
You can finance your truck purchase or lease it. Dealerships will review your credit history and business plan before offering financing or leasing options.
Always keep extra capital available for unexpected expenses and daily operations. Even with no initial money, having a clear plan and support system can help you succeed in the trucking industry.
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Starting a Successful Trucking Business Is Possible for Everyone
FMSCA Trucking Industry Registration Statistics
Trucking Industry By Carrier Size
Takeaway: Small owner-operators make up about two-thirds of the trucking industry.
Transportation Industry Statistics
Transportation Value Shipped By Modes & Mileage
Takeaway: Trucking (yellow) is the primary method of transporting goods in the U.S. It accounts for 80% of goods shipped under 100 miles and 50% of goods shipped between 1,500 and 2,000 miles. Data are from 2018.
Transportation Services Index
Takeaway: The Transportation Services Index follows GDP and the broader economy, showing both ups and downs.
Be Aware Of The Cycle
Takeaway: Freight rates increased by over 25% in the past year as the economy rebounded. Data are through August 2021.
Getting Started With Only One Truck
Create A Business Plan
Getting Your Commercial Driver’s License
Other Legal Requirements & Regulations
US DOT Motor Carrier (MC) Authority Number
Unified Carrier Registration (UCR)
International Registration Plan (IRP) License Plate
Heavy Highway Use Tax Return (Form 2290)
International Fuel Tax Agreement (IFTA) Permit
BOC-3 Form
Electronic Logging Devices (ELD)
Understanding Start-Up Costs and Operating Profit / Expenses Of Trucking Businesses
Start-Up Costs
Revenue
Operating Costs
Average Industry Numbers
Importance Of Having A Budget Cushion
Can I Start My Business With No Money?
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