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A Commentary: CFD apparatus history – part 3 of 3
Part 3 of a commentary by Bill Post on the history of the Chicago Fire Department: Part 1 can be found **HERE** and Part 2 can be found **HERE**.
While Fire Commissioner Quinn did deploy the six Flying Manpower Squads, he (understandably) decided to keep Snorkel Squad 1 in service. Instead, Snorkel 2 was taken out of service, and just under a year before the Maatman Report’s recommendations were implemented, five additional salvage squads were added. When the Flying Manpower Squads were introduced in 1969, Salvage Squad 1—recommended for retention by the consultant—was removed from service on May 1, 1969. That same day, Flying Manpower Squad 4 went into service, using the 1954 AutoCar Squad previously assigned to Salvage Squad 1.
Rescue 3, which was the remainder of Snorkel Squad 3, also went out of service that day. Although the 1968 Maatman Report was published in November 1968 and the six Flying Manpower Squads were all in place by November 1969, Fire Commissioner Bob Quinn had not yet removed Snorkel 6 from service or relocated Snorkel 4 from Engine 25 to Engine 67. The south side still had more than one Snorkel assigned, even though Snorkel 2 had been retired in February 1969.
On March 9, 1970, Truck 31 was moved from Engine 104’s station on the south loop to a new location on the far southwest side. Snorkel 4 was also relocated that day, moving from Engine 25 to Engine 104. Then, on July 7, 1970, a brick wall collapsed on Snorkel 7 while it was fighting a smoldering fire at a vacant factory on the north side of Ashland Avenue. Snorkel 7 was destroyed, and Firefighter Jack Walsh later died from injuries sustained in the collapse. Snorkel 7 was never replaced, leaving only Snorkel 5 on the north side.
Several months later, in early 1971, Gerald Maatman released a follow-up report reviewing the department’s progress since the 1968 report. While many of the original recommendations had been followed, some key items were still unimplemented. Since Quinn had kept Snorkel Squad 1 active and removed Snorkel 2 and Salvage Squad 1, the consultant recommended relocating Snorkel Squad 1 to Engine 5’s house. However, this recommendation was ignored, and Snorkel Squad 1 remained at 1044 N. Orleans as long as Quinn was in charge.
The 1971 report also suggested adding a seventh Flying Manpower Squad at Engine 108’s station on the northwest side. This squad, known as Flying Manpower Squad 5, was intended to cover the area from Engine 7 and Truck 58. But instead of being stationed where it was needed, it ended up at Engine 114’s old station near Fullerton and Central Park, which was too far southeast to effectively serve the northwest side.
The Flying Manpower Squads were largely using outdated pumpers from the 1940s and 1950s and lacked the proper equipment as outlined in the 1968 report. The consultant had provided detailed specifications on the types and amounts of gear each squad should carry. Despite these guidelines, the department fell short.
There were still six active Salvage Squads, but the report recommended removing Salvage Squads 6 and 7, as they overlapped with areas covered by the Flying Manpower Squads. Additionally, two truck companies—Trucks 43 and 46—were still active despite being recommended for removal. Their locations were supposed to be converted into Snorkel companies. These trucks were finally taken out of service in November 1971, allowing Snorkel 6 to be relocated to Engine 110 on the north side. Snorkel 4 was eventually moved to Engine 67 in June 1972.
After that, the south side had only one Snorkel left—Snorkel 3—while Snorkel 4 was now stationed on the far west side, making it less effective for the south loop. This created an imbalance, with two Snorkels on the north side, one on the west, and only one on the south. Snorkel 5, located in a high-fire area, helped somewhat, but the coverage was still uneven.
Eventually, in January 1975, Snorkel 5 was moved to Engine 5, bringing it closer to the south side. Two years later, in 1977, it was relocated again to Engine 23 on the west side. It wasn’t until April 1981 that the south side regained a second Snorkel with the introduction of Snorkel 4 at Engine 123.
One month later, Snorkel 3 was renumbered as Snorkel 5 and moved to Engine 72. In May 1981, all Snorkels were renumbered and relocated to match the five new fire districts established after the old seven divisions were abolished on April 11, 1981. Snorkel Squad 1 was finally taken out of service on October 3, 1980.
Commissioner Quinn had indeed saved Snorkel Squad 1 from being disbanded in 1969 and delayed the relocation of other units. However, after Snorkel 7 was destroyed, he had no choice but to move Snorkel 6 to the north side. The city, unwilling to hire more firefighters after 1967, pushed Maatman to find cost-effective ways to operate the department without increasing staffing.
Some of Maatman’s recommendations were beneficial, such as equipping trucks with K-12 saws and ladder pipes, and engines with multi-versals. He also advised installing air masks on vehicles, which the CFD resisted for years, implementing them only in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Many of the basic safety measures were lagging behind other departments.
Most of the new stations built in the 1970s were based on Maatman’s suggestions. For example, Engine 70 and Truck 47’s new station was recommended in 1968. If the city had been willing to expand staffing, the report wouldn’t have had to suggest reducing company sizes and cutting special units.
Interestingly, in 1968—the last full year both Snorkel Squad 2 and 3 were active—they were the busiest in the city, responding to over 5,000 calls each. Yet, by 1967, Snorkel Squad 3 had stopped using its snorkel, and Snorkel Squad 2 followed suit by mid-1968. Despite this, all squad types were still dispatched automatically on still alarms, leading to many unnecessary responses.
Since the Snorkel Squads were the only ones equipped with K-12 saws, multi-versals, and back-mounted air masks, they were often called on the same 2-11 alarms across the city. As power saws and multi-versals were gradually added to truck and engine companies, the reliance on the Snorkels decreased. Air masks on engines and trucks didn’t become standard until the late 1970s.