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Physics, etc. use a strong laser to greatly increase the terahertz pulse energy
[ China Instrument Network Instrument Development ] Terahertz (THz) radiation lies between the mid-infrared and microwave regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Due to its unique single-photon energy and spectral "fingerprint," THz has significant potential in fields such as materials science, biomedical imaging, and national security. However, one of the major challenges in THz research is the lack of high-energy THz sources, which limits its broader applications. Various electronic and optical methods have been explored to generate THz radiation, but up until now, the highest reported THz pulse energy has remained below a millijoule.
Comparison of terahertz peak power obtained by different methods
Researchers led by Li Yutong from the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics, in collaboration with Zhang Jie and Liao Guoqian from Shanghai Jiaotong University, have developed a novel method to generate terahertz radiation through strong laser-solid target interactions. In earlier studies, they used laser-accelerated high-energy electrons to excite terahertz radiation [Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 205003 (2016)]. Recently, they worked with David Ruelow from the Rutherford Laboratory in the UK to significantly enhance the THz pulse energy.
The experiment was conducted at the Vulcan laser facility in the UK, with the experimental design proposed by the Chinese team. Using a picosecond super-laser, they first accelerated a large number of high-energy electrons within a solid film target. When these electrons exited the back of the target into vacuum, they generated intense terahertz radiation. The results showed that the THz pulse energy reached up to 50 mJ, marking the highest laboratory-generated THz energy reported so far.
Terahertz technology has already found applications in various areas, including full-body scanners used in airport security. A powerful THz source driven by high-power lasers opens new opportunities for studying nonlinear dynamics in matter and could lead to breakthroughs in future technologies.
The findings were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). The research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the Newton Fund.
(Original title: Physics, etc. use a strong laser to greatly increase the terahertz pulse energy)